Education and schooling are often used interchangeably but, in reality, they are two quite separate concepts. Education is a lifelong endeavour which extends far beyond the walls of formal schooling. Schooling, on the other hand, refers specifically to the organized process of teaching and learning found in formal educational settings.
1. Learning Outcome
Education is far more expansive than schooling and focusses on cultivating knowledge independently to enhance an individual’s understanding of the world they live in. Schooling is largely orientated towards preparing one for success beyond the realm of academia, and encompasses the development of tangible skills to be utilised in post-secondary life.
Schooling is a formal experience where assessments and value judgements are placed upon one’s performance and success is measured by the attainment of academic or vocational qualifications. The acquisition of knowledge through education does not necessitate formal qualifications, with insight being gained from a lifetime of learning experiences.
2. Role of the Student
Schooling involves the transmission of knowledge from teacher to student, and places emphasis upon the acquisition of facts and figures to be regurgitated in assessments. This fosters an atmosphere of competition and comparison between students, who are often competing for the same final grades. Education, meanwhile, encourages independent thought and exploration, allowing individuals to develop and form their own opinions on a particular subject.
The focus of education lies in the self-reflection of one’s thoughts, analysis of various concepts and the ability to construct arguments as well as preserve cultural traditions. Schooling develops skills related to academic literacy and problem solving through participation in structured activities.
3. Teachers
Teachers in educational settings possess a wealth of knowledge which students can emulate to gain insight. The role of the teacher is to provide guidance and direction to students, rather than hand out facts and figures. Their main goal is to facilitate learning and understanding of prevalent issues and abstract concepts.
In contrast, teaching in a formal setting focuses upon ensuring that students progress to the next level by obtaining pre-determined qualifications. The teacher acts as a conduit for the transmission of factual knowledge and provides advice and guidance for students aspiring for a particular outcome.
4. Learning Process
The methods of learning are different between the two concepts. Education is largely concerned with the application of theories to real-world scenarios and involves creative and critical thinking. Schooling, meanwhile, relies upon rote memorization of facts, figures and formulas.
The learning process in an educational setting emphasises upon the ability to construct arguments and debate topics. Schooling values performance at test-based assessments and rewards students who attain high marks.
5. Learning Environment
Education does not necessitate a structured environment, with knowledge being gathered in museums, libraries, or through discussion and collaboration with other individuals. Schooling, on the other hand, is firmly grounded in the traditional classroom setting and is highly structured with lesson plans and timetables. Lectures, tutorials, and workshops are all part of the organized schooling environment. The exchange of ideas and discussions take place in a safe, regulated space.
The environment of schooling is far more analytical than that of education, as students work through facts, figures, and formulas to obtain desired outcomes. Education is an informal experience, where the development of insights and ideas is the primary focus, not the attainment of pre-determined grades.
6. Goals
The goal of education is to acquire lifelong knowledge through various sources such as books, real-life experiences, and people. It encourages individuals to discover their passion, familiarize themselves with new cultures, understand theoretical concepts and gain insight into the contemporary world, in order to better contribute as a member of society.
Schooling, by comparison, is organised with a definitive conclusion in sight; success is often measured according to formal qualification attainment such as a college degree. As such, the goal of schooling is to ensure satisfactory performance on assessments and encourage students to develop the skills required for life beyond school, such as essay-writing, problem solving and analytical thinking.
7. Motivation
The primary focus of education is personal satisfaction and growth, with knowledge itself being directly rewarding. Whereas schooling demands the components of a standard school day such as tests, exams and assessments, in an environment of competition and rigidity. Motivation is largely driven by the attainment of academic qualifications and the more tangible rewards such as university acceptance or job offers.
Education requires self-motivation, as the sources of knowledge are largely informal and do not explicitly reward those who pursue it. Schooling produces results that are measurable and has immediate rewards and consequences such as grades, diplomas or awards.
8. Flexibility
Education is an ongoing endeavour and can be adapted to the changing needs and interests of an individual. It is an informal process, which is not bound by any rigid timetables or rigid regulations. This allows learners to explore and immerse themselves in knowledge, making education a process which requires freedom of action.
Schooling, by comparison, has a pre-determined structure which must be conformed to and rigidly adhered. It is characterized by its inflexibility, often with assessment deadlines and predetermined syllabus curricula.
9. Attitude Towards Failure
The widespread concept of failure is experienced when the outcomes of an endeavour do not meet the predetermined expectations. Education provides individuals with an opportunity to expand their knowledge and output, without the fear of failure or judgement. Through education, individuals are encouraged to explore and take risks without the consequences often associated with assessments.
Failure in schooling is related to not meeting predetermined modules or goals outlined by the institution. The emphasis on success enables students to strive for excellence and learn from their mistakes. It incentivises those who excel to go further and increase the depth of their knowledge.
10. Responsibility
Education encourages individuals to assume responsibility for their own learning process. The knowledge gained can be directed and transformed according to the interests of the learner, with the responsibility lying on the individual to seek out sources and topics of interest. This enables individuals to take charge of their education and become more self-directed.
Schooling requires an individual to take responsibility for the performance in their assessments. Learners are expected to take initiative and be proactive in their learning process to achieve the desired academic outcomes.
Education and schooling have many distinguishing features, but they both have the same end goal; to provide individuals with the skills and knowledge needed to lead successful and satisfying post-secondary lives. Education enables individuals to explore subjects of personal or academic interest, and gain a greater understanding of the complexities of the world, whereas schooling facilitates the development of skills needed for academic success and attainment of qualifications.
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